41. Chap. 41.-Phrygia.

CHAP. 41.—PHRYGIA.

Phrygia lies above Troas, and the peoples already men- tioned as extending from the Promontory of Lectum[1] to the river Etheleus. On its northern side it borders upon Galatia, on the south it joins Lyeaonia, Pisidia, and Mygdonia, and, on the east, it touches upon Cappadocia. The more celebrated towns there, besides those already mentioned, are Ancyra[2], Andria, Celænæ[3], Colossæ[4], Carina[5], Cotyaion[6], Ceraine, Conium, and Midaium. There are authors who say that the Mœsi, the Brygi, and the Thyni crossed over from Europe, and that from them are descended the peoples called the Mysi, Phryges, and Bithyni.

1. Cape Baba, or Santa Maria; the south-western promontory of the Troad.

2. In Phrygia Epictetus, or "Conquered Phrygia," so called from its conquest by certain of the kings of Bithynia. Strabo calls this place a "small city, or hill-fortress, towards Lydia." It was probably situate near the source of the Macestus, now the Susugherli Su, or the Simaul Su, as it is called in its upper course.

3. The place from which the citizens were removed to Apamea, as mentioned in C. 29 of the present Book. Hamilton (Researches, &c., p. 499) supposes its acropolis to have been situate about half a mile from the sources of the river Marsyas.

4. First mentioned by Herodotus, and situate on the Lycus, a branch of the Mæander. It had greatly declined in Strabo's time, and in the middle ages there rose near it a town of the name of Chonæ, and Colossæ disappeared. Hamilton found extensive ruins of an ancient city about three miles north of the modern Khonos. It was one of the early Christian churches of Asia, and the Apostle Paul addressed one of his Epistles to the people of this place. It does not appear from it that he had ever visited the place; indeed, from Chap. ii. 1 we may conclude that he had not.

5. This does not appear to be the same as the Carine mentioned in C. 32 of this Book, as having gone to decay. Its site is unknown.

6. Or Cotiæum, or Cotyæum. It was on the Roman road from Dorylæum to Philadelphia, and in Phrygia Epictetus, according to Strabo. The modern Kutahiyah is supposed to denote its site; but there are no remains of antiquity.